Samik Sarkar was managing to eke a profit out of his online apparel store before the coronavirus crisis hit India, forcing the 36-year-old to reinvent his business overnight.

The logo of Flipkart is seen on a building in Bengaluru, India. File photo: VCG

"I started selling masks because that's all I could sell," Sarkar said. 

"I have salaries to pay."

The rapid global economic slowdown, India's coronavirus lockdown of 1.3 billion people and an exodus of venture capital are testing a start-up community that has quickly become one of the world's biggest, raising a record $14.9 billion in 2019.

The success of Indian e-tailer Flipkart, sold for $16 billion to Walmart in 2018, helped draw in billions of dollars in funding from global venture capital firms, while US and Chinese tech giants stalked promising prospects.

But in just a few months much of that cash has vanished, with venture capital and private equity investment in India expected to fall by 45 percent-60 percent this year, EY estimates.

A group of the top venture firms, including US groups Sequoia and Accel, warned start-ups this month that it will be "very difficult" to raise financing anytime soon.

Five venture capitalists told Reuters that only a few of the best companies from their existing portfolios would be able to get further funding, while most new ventures will likely be locked out for the foreseeable future.

This rapid turnaround has left scores of Indian start-ups which had been plotting expansion and fundraising considering anything and everything to keep themselves from going under.

Data from Tracxn, which monitors start-up investments and financials, shows there were 1,406 funded start-ups in India in 2019, compared with 351 in 2008.

"When you look at pre-COVID business models, half of them will not survive post-COVID," Sudhir Sethi, founder and chairman of Bengaluru-based venture capital firm Chiratae Ventures, said.

The funding freeze has been compounded by India's move in April to step up scrutiny of investments from overseas, a move seen by some analysts as a thinly disguised deterrent to takeovers by Chinese companies, which have been big investors in India's tech industry.

And with SoftBank, another major funder of Indian start-ups, facing setbacks elsewhere there is little relief expected from the Japanese technology backer.

This leaves investors and start-ups with few alternatives but to focus on pursuing profitability and reducing cash burn, Sid Talwar, partner at Mumbai-based Lightbox Ventures, said.

"For Indian companies, if SoftBank does not write big checks and Chinese pools of capital slow down, it will further accelerate that thinking," Talwar told Reuters.

Start-up founders contacted by Reuters said they had enough cash for a couple of months at the most.

"We had big expansion plans just before this hit," said Sujata Biswas, who cofounded Mumbai-based online clothing brand Suta with her sister Taniya.

"All of that has stopped ... It was a big shock," she added.
Newspaper headline: Indian start-ups get creative amid funding crunch