Martin Jacques. File Photo: Sun Wei in London/GT

 
By Leonardo Sobreira, Brasil 247 - Martin Jacques, professor and author of When China Rules the World, offered a sweeping analysis of China's rise on the international stage.

Jacques argued that China can now be understood as the global leader in a range of strategic sectors. He described the country's methodical planning as the key to its resilience.

Shifting balance of power

According to Jacques, Beijing's growing strength has reshaped the terms of its relationship with Washington.

He noted that China has also positioned itself as a supporter of more vulnerable nations.

 "In this sense, China helps many countries that are fragile," he said.

Distinct path of development

Jacques dismissed earlier Western predictions that China would inevitably "Westernize."

 "The trend in past analyses was to say that China would become like the West. But that was nonsense. China has not Westernized—it remains distinct. India and Brazil, too, will develop in their own way."

Domestic competition and innovation

Describing China's economy, Jacques stressed its intense internal competition.

 "China is an incredibly competitive society. At one point there were over 600 automakers. That's unsustainable, but we may end up with around 30 strong players—BYD being a formidable example. Their domestic market is fiercely competitive, so when they expand abroad, they bring the experience of facing very tough competition," he said.

He also highlighted the state's role in fostering creativity and innovation:

 "China is highly creative, particularly in the auto sector. I argue this is a better model. It didn't begin with the private sector, but with the state directing capital in this way."

For Jacques, analyzing China requires acknowledging its unique system:

 "China is very specific. Its defining feature is the central role of the state. That's not new. By contrast, the West is strongly anti-state. They are built on different foundations."

Lessons for Brazil and beyond

Turning to Brazil, Jacques said: "I am very interested in Brazil's debates." He added that advanced economies could also learn from China's experience.  "There are important lessons for the developed world to absorb."

Finally, he underlined China's role in the BRICS and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), while rejecting the idea that Beijing should be viewed as a universal model.  "The BRI is an influence, and BRICS is an influence, with China as the most important member. It is a source of support and example, as Brazil asserts itself in relation to the US." 

(Reported by Brasil 247 on August 22, 2025)