People wear protective face masks as they sit on a bench facing the ocean in Noumea on Monday, as the remote French-controlled Pacific territory of New Caledonia, one of the few places on the planet to have avoided COVID-19, was to go into strict lockdown on Tuesday after detecting nine cases. Photo: AFP

France's nickel-rich Pacific territory of New Caledonia voted on Sunday in a third and final referendum on independence - with some of those wanting to break free demanding a boycott because they say the COVID-19 pandemic is preventing a fair ballot.

Turnout was sharply down on the two previous polls, with just 27.8 percent voting by midday, compared with 49.4 percent at that stage in the 2020 vote, according to the islands' high commission.

At the Candide-Koch polling station in the capital Noumea, a short line of voters queued in the oppressive heat.

"This referendum does not make too much sense because half the population has decided not to vote," said Cathy, a bookseller, who gave only her first name.

"I came out of civic-mindedness, what interests me is the society we are going to build afterwards," she told AFP.

The territory of about 185,000 voters, 2,000 kilometers east of Australia, was granted three independence referendums under a 1988 deal aimed at easing tensions on the islands.

Having rejected a breakaway from France in 2018 and then again in 2020, the inhabitants are being asked one last time: "Do you want New Caledonia to accede to full sovereignty and become independent?"

Pro-independence campaigners are boycotting the vote, saying they want it postponed to September because "a fair campaign" is not possible with high coronavirus infection numbers.

"I don't want to go and vote because I don't agree with this final poll," said Noumea resident Jean-Pierre Wadra.

New Caledonia's 270,000 inhabitants were largely spared during the pandemic's first phase, but have suffered close to 300 COVID-19 deaths since the Delta variant appeared.

The pro-independence movement has still threatened non-recognition of the referendum outcome and vowed to appeal to the United Nations to get it canceled.

Authorities deployed 2,000 police and troops for the vote, which had passed off without incident so far, according to the high commission, although police intervened over an attempted roadblock on an outlying island.

Whichever way the poll goes, the controversy is likely to rumble on: "It's going to be a mess in New Caledonia," Wadra said.

The French minister in charge of overseas territories, Sebastien Lecornu, said the boycott would make no difference to the referendum's "legal validity." The vote comes against the backdrop of increasingly strained ties between Paris and its regional allies.

France regards itself as a major Indo-Pacific player thanks to overseas territories such as New Caledonia.

President Emmanuel Macron has insisted the French state takes no side in the referendum, other than to ensure fair and smooth proceedings.